Kazi Nazrul Islam
Kazi Nazrul Islam: The Captive Poet
Kazi Nazrul Islam or the 'Rebel Poet' of Bengal, has been considered second to none, but perhaps only to Tagore, during his times. Born to a very impoverished family in Churulia, near Asansol, on 24th May, 1899, the sensitive child earned the moniker 'Dukhu Mian' or 'The sad one' in his childhood. He led a very chequered life - joining the British Army during the First World War, being inspired by Kemal Pasha, returning to write more forceful poetry, getting targeted by the British and landing in Hooghly Jail. Nazrul began to edit the bi-weekly magazine 'Dhumketu' (the Comet), with the blessings of Tagore and the first edition was published on 11th August, 1922. Another literary giant of Bengal, Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, also contributed to the magazine. For the Puja edition of 'Dhumketu', published on 22nd September, 1922, Nazrul wrote a poem with anti-British sentiments, 'Anandamoyeer Agomone' (The Advent of the Delightful Mother) and sedition charges were brought against him by the British establishment. He was arrested on 23rd January, 1923 and incarcerated in Alipore Jail, Calcutta. Nazrul had demanded complete freedom of India from the British in this poem. The subsequent issue of 'Dhumketu' brought out on 27th January, 1923, was named the 'Nazrul Issue', before the temporary suspension of publication. Nazrul was transferred from Alipore Jail to Hooghly Jail on 14th April that year, before being sentenced to one year imprisonment. Though he was kept in a solitary cell, the eternal rebel still managed to hold on to his true mettle. As a mark of protest against the atrocities of the British police and demanding recognition as a Political Prisoner and not an Ordinary inmate, Nazrul started an indefinite hunger-strike, which lasted for 39 days, before being ended by request from Tagore in a Telegram which pleaded, 'Our literature claims you'. Nazrul was transferred to Berhampore Central Jail on 17th June, 1923, with the proper dignity of a Political Prisoner. Finally, he was released from jail on 15th December, 1923. But, whether in jail or not, his pen never stopped - outpoured poems like 'Rajbandir Jabanbandi' (Deposition of a Political Prisoner'), while in jail and 'Bisher Banshi' (The Poisoned Flute'), in 1924, which was promptly banned by the British.